A Single-Point Insulin Sensitivity Estimator (SPISE) of 5.4 is a good predictor of both metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in adolescents with obesity.

Background: The Single-Point Insulin Sensitivity Estimator (SPISE) is a biomarker of insulin sensitivity estimated using BMI and triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. We assessed the accuracy of SPISE to screen obesity-related cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents. Method: Cross-sectional validation study for a screening test in a sample of n=725 children and adolescents from an obesity clinic. Weight, height, waist circumference, blood arterial pressure, lipid profile, glucose, insulin and Tanner stage were measured. BMI, BMI for-age-and sex (BAZ), and HOMA-IR were estimated. HOMA-IR values ≥2.1 and ≥3.3 were considered IR in Tanner I-II, ≥3.3 for Tanner III-IV and ≥2.6 for Tanner V, respectively. Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) was diagnosed with the Cook phenotype. SPISE was estimated according to the following algorithm: [600* HDL^0.185/(TG^0.2* BMI^1.338)]. The optimal SPISE cut points for IR and MetS prediction were determined by ROC curve analysis. Results: In prepubertal obese patients (9.2 ± 2.1y; 18.4% males), the prevalence of IR and MetS was 28.2% y 46.9%, respectively; 58% had severe obesity (BAZ ≥4 SD). In pubertal obese patients (12.6 ± 1.8y; 57% males), the prevalence of IR and MetS was 34.1% and 55.3%, respectively; 34% had severe obesity. In prepubertal children, a SPISE of 6.3 showed the highest sensitivity (73.2%) and specificity (80%) to screen individuals with IR (AUC: 0.80; LR +: 3.3). Likewise, a SPISE of 5.7 got the highest sensitivity (82.6%) and specificity (86.1%) to screen patients with MetS (AUC: 0.87; LR +: 5.4). In pubertal patients, a SPISE of 5.4 showed the highest sensitivity and specificity to screen children and adolescents with both IR (Sn: 76.1%; Sp: 77.5%; AUC: 0.8; LR +: 3.1) and MetS (Sn: 90.4%; Sp: 76.1%; AUC: 0.90; LR +: 3.5). Conclusion: In children and adolescents with obesity, SPISE has good or very good performance in predicting IR and MetS. SPISE may be considered a relatively simple and low-cost diagnosis tool that can be helpful to identify patients with greater biological risk. In adolescents with obesity, the same cut point allows identification of those at higher risk of both IR and MetS.

El Estimador de Sensibilidad Insulínica de Punto Único (SPISE) supera a marcadores antropométricos de uso rutinario en la pesquisa de riesgo cardiometabólico asociado a obesidad: un estudio en adolescentes de la Región Metropolitana / The single Point Insulin Sensitivity Estimator (SPISE) outperforms routine anthropometric markers in the screening of obesity-related cardiometabolic risk: a study in adolescents from the Metropolitan Region

El Estimador de Sensibilidad a la Insulina de Punto Único (SPISE) es un biomarcador de sensibilidad a la insulina comparable al Índice de Matsuda. Se estima utilizando el IMC y los niveles de triglicéridos y HDL. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el rendimiento diagnóstico de SPISE con el de otros marcadores antropométricos de uso rutinario, como el IMC y la relación cintura | talla, en la pesquisa de insulinoresistencia (IR) y Síndrome Metabólico (MetS) en una muestra de 901 adolescentes de 11 a 16 años. En todos ellos se midió peso, talla, cintura, presión arterial, perfil lipídico, insulina y glicemia. La IR se diagnosticó con el HOMA-IR y el MetS con el criterio de Cook. Un zIMC ≥2.0 DE, un índice cintura/ talla ≥0.54 y un SPISE ≤ 5.4 fueron los puntos de corte utilizados para evaluar el rendimiento de estos marcadores en el diagnóstico de IR y MetS. No hubo diferencias por sexo en la prevalencia de obesidad, IR y MetS. Tanto en hombre como en mujeres, SPISE mostro una mejor capacidad para predecir el MetS (AUC: 0.95 y 0.89, respectivamente) e IR (AUC: 0.83 y 0.79, respectivamente) comparado con el rendimiento diagnóstico de la relación cintura | talla y el IMC-z. De igual manera, el SPISE mostro una mayor sensibilidad para identificar a los portadores de MetS e IR (96% y 75% en varones y 81% y 67% en mujeres, respectivamente). SPISE mostró una mejor capacidad para identificar el riesgo cardiometabólico asociado a la malnutrición por exceso al compararlo con otros indicadores de uso frecuente en clínica. Un índice de SPISE ≤5.4 fue un mejor predictor de MetS e IR que un IMC ≥2.0 DE y una relación cintura | talla ≥0.54.

The Single Point Insulin Sensitivity Estimator (SPISE) is a biomarker of insulin sensitivity comparable to the Matsuda Index. It is estimated using data on BMI, TG, and HDL. We aim to compare the diagnostic performance of SPISE with other routinely used anthropometric markers, such as BMI and waist-to-height ratio, in diagnosing insulin resistance (IR) and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in adolescents from 11 to 16 years. Weight, height, waist, blood pressure, lipid profile, insulin, and glycemia were measured. IR was diagnosed with the HOMA-IR and the MetS with the Cook criteria. A BMIz ≥2.0 SD, a waist-to-height ratio ≥0.54, and a SPISE ≤ 5.4 were the cut-off points used for diagnosing IR and MetS. There were no sex differences in the prevalence of obesity, IR, and MetS. In both males and females, SPISE showed a better ability to predict MetS (AUC: 0.95 and 0.89, respectively) and IR (AUC: 0.83 and 0.79, respectively) compared to the waist-to-height ratio and BMI-z. Similarly, SPISE showed greater sensitivity to identify adolescents with MetS and IR (96% and 75% in men and 81% and 67% in women, respectively) than the waist-to-height ratio and BMI-z. SPISE performed better in identifying obesity-related cardiometabolic risk than other frequently used clinical indicators. A SPISE index ≤5.4 was a better predictor of MetS and RI than a BMI ≥2.0 SD and a waist-to-height ratio ≥0.54.

Taller de salud mental: programa psicoeducativo dirigido a comunidad de adultos jubilados de una institución de gendarmería / Mental health workshop: psychoeducative program to a retired people in a gendarmerie institution

El grupo objetivo al cual está dirigido el presente programa psicoeducativo de salud mental corresponde a una comunidad de adultos mayores jubilados de Gendarmería de Chile. Mediante la generación de un diagnóstico participativo por parte de los integrantes de la comunidad, se constató la necesidad de desarrollar herramientas para la superación de problemas de la vida, lo que se enmarca en la promoción de la resiliencia. La realización del taller de salud mental constó de once sesiones. Primero, se abarcaron los cambios fisiológicos y patológicos del envejecimiento, para luego trabajar en conjunto la resiliencia en la adultez. Al inicio de las sesiones educativas, se aplicó la escala de resiliencia de SV-RES 60 de Saavedra y Villalta (2008), validada en nuestro país, con el fin de conocer los niveles basales de resiliencia. Luego de finalizadas las intervenciones, se realizó una nueva toma, para así poder evaluar el impacto de estas en los participantes. Se constató un aumento del nivel de resiliencia desde un 49.8% a un 75.1%, lo que se traduce en un ascenso desde un nivel promedio a un nivel alto, evidenciando la efectividad de la metodología aplicada.

The target group for this psychoeducative program in mental health is a community of elderly retired Gendarmerie of Chile. Through a participatory diagnosis with the participants, it could be possible to identify necessities about working and creating tools to resolve problems of life, in the framework of the resiliency. This workshop in mental health takes eleven sessions. At the first time, it includes physiological and pathological changes in the aging, and in the second part, the program includes working together in the resiliency. At the beginning of the sessions, it was applicated the Saavedra and Villata's resiliency scale SV-RES 60, which is validated in Chile, with the objective to know the baseline of resiliency of the group. When the workshop was finished, it was taken in a second opportunity the same scale to evaluate the impact of the sessions in the participants. It was verified an increment of the resiliency levels since the first time with a 49,8%, to a 75,1% in the finish, which it could be traduced in a increase to an average level of resiliency to a high level of resiliency, making evident the effectiveness of the methodology.